The expectations start in childhood. Teachers in 400 classrooms in the American state of Missouri were given a report card of a fifth-grade student, including grades, evaluation of attitude, work habits, and attendance. The only variant was the attached photograph of the child — an attractive or unattractive boy or girl. Despite the wealth of information about behavior and performance, looks swayed opinions. The teachers expected the good-looking children to be more intelligent and more sociable and popular.

In fact, good-looking students often do get better class grades, even though they do no better in standardized tests. People presume that attractive people of both sexes are more intelligent.  Several different studies have found that the better-looking a painter or writer or student is, the more positively his or her work is evaluated. Looks help most when the work is not of high quality, but they can even give an extra boost to good work. Social psychologists call this a halo(光环) effect.

Karen Dion, a pioneer researcher on attractiveness, asked adults to consider hypothetical seven-year-olds who misbehaved. When a good-looking child was depicted doing these things, adults gave it the benefit of the doubt and presumed it was having a bad day or was the victim of circumstance. The unattractive children were more likely to be eyed suspiciously as possible future juvenile delinquents.

Good-looking adults are more likely to get away with anything from shoplifting to cheating in exams to committing serious crimes. They are less likely to get reported (they aren't being eyed suspiciously), and if they are reported, they are less likely to get accused or penalized. Law enforcement officials, juries and judges don't just judge the current circumstances and the person's past behavior, they take a look and think: could she have done that? This effect is particularly strong for attractive females.

l. The phrase "Pretty is as pretty does" (para. l) most probably means      .

A.bearty is hard to find

B.beautiful people often work hard

C. beauty is of limited usefulness

p. beauty suggests good qualities such as intelligence and kindness

2. The word “swayed” (para.5) is closest in meaning to      .

A.influenced

B.weakened