1. John Allman’s research found out that---------.

A. mother spend more time with children than fathers

B. fathers live longer than mothers if they do not care for the young

C. a parent lives a shorter life if he does not care for the young than one does

D. there is a relationship between the life span of parents and the number of children reard

2. From the passage we can conclude that, for primates, a mate’s devotion to child care depends on------------.

A. the interval at which the young are born

B. how healthy the male is

C. the sex of the offspring

D. how sure the male is that the child is really his

3. The most important information obtained from the titi monkey and the owl monkey is that----------.

A. male titi and owl monkeys live longer than females

B. male titi and owl monkeys spend more time with their offspring than females

C. young titi and owl monkeys cling tenaciously to their fathers’ fur

D. female titi and owl monkeys do nothing but feed the young

4. Which of the following would be the evolutionary advantage gained by mates through a life-shortening trade-off ?

A. Showing off to thrie mates.

B. Producing more offspring.

C. Living a care-free life.

D. Having more confidence in their offspring.