|
The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。
That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。
在这种句型结构中，动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系，可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的，相当于It's
easy to answer the question.和It's difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置，所以和不定式的关系
构成一种被动关系。
7、有些动词不定式不论用主动形式还是被动形式，动词不定式和主语的关系都是被动的。例如：
Nobody was to blame (to be blamed) for the accident.这个事故，谁也不能责怪。 The house is to let (to be let).这
房子出租。
There are a lot of books to read (to be read).有许多书要读。 Those cars are to rent (to be rented).那些汽车出
租。
8、以－able或－ible结尾的形容词可表示被动意义。例如： These tickets are available for one month.These
tickets are capable of being used for one month.这些票可用一个月。
It's a credible explanation.The explanation can be trusted.这是一种可信的解释。 The fish was hardly eatable.
The fish could hardly be eaten.这鱼几乎不能吃。 9、有些介词短语用作表语或定语时，可以表示被动意义。例如：
The thief is under arrest.The thief has been arrested.小偷已被捕。
Apples are on sale.Apples are being sold.苹果在出售。
The phenomenon under study is very interesting.The phenomenon which is being studied is very interesting.正在研究
的现象十分有趣。
10、在冠词the和a (an)后面只能用动名词的主动形式，这种名词化的动名词有时表示被动意义。例如：
The boy took a beating.那男孩挨了打。
It was spoilt in the making.这东西在制作过程中被损坏了。
11、在某些名词词组中，表示动作的名词无疑具有动作的含义，往往可以表现被动意义，而这种被动意义与英语的被动结构无任何
语法上的联系。例如：
After his release from prison,he returned home.他从监狱被释放出来以后回到了家。 His family lived on government aid
for three years.他一家靠政府救济生活三年了。
二、语态转换和某些动词的关系
1、一般以为凡及物动词都有相应的被动句，其实不然，当“主 动 宾”结构的谓语动词是表示状态或特征的及物动词，如contain,
cost,fit,have,lack,resemble,suit等，主动句便没有相应的被动句：
Linda resembles her mother.琳达象她母亲。
This red coat becomes her.这件红上衣合她的身。
The auditorium holds 2000 people.大礼堂能容纳两千人。
My shoes don't fit me.我的鞋不合脚。
Jack always lacks confidence.杰克总是缺乏信心。
但是，状态动词know有相应的被动态：Experts have been known to make this mistake.大家知道，专家也会犯这种错误。
有时，有些不能用于被动语态的状态动词，在同一意义上，如果不用by－词组，可以有被动句。如：All my things are held in
this box.这只箱子里装着我所有的东西。
2、某些被动句没有相应的主动句。例如：
She was born in Nanjing.她生于南京。
He was said to be an honest man.据说他是个老实人。
They will be married next month.他们将于下月结婚。
Mary said that she was not obliged to work overtime.玛丽说她并不是非加班不可。
3、当“主 动 宾”结构的宾语为反身代词或相互代词时，通常不能转换为被动句。例如： The doctor dedicated herself to |
