在第一个问题中我们想知道是谁建了这座桥，在第二个问题中我们想弄清有关桥的一些情况。因此，第一句使用了主动语态，第二句运用了被动语态。

We can still say who built it. We can say:我们也可以讲清是什么人修建的这座桥，用“by+动作执行者”的结构来表示，我们可以说：

This bridge was built by prisoners of war in 1942. 这座桥是战俘于1942年修建的。

b  Now read these pairs of sentences carefully. The first sentence in each pair tells us about a person. (Who) The second tells us about a thing. (What or Which)

仔细地阅读以下几对句子，每对中的第一句话告诉我们一个人(回答“谁”)，第二句话告诉我们一件事(回答“什么”或“哪一个”)。

Workmen are building a new road outside my house. (Who)工人们正在我的房子外面修一条新路。

A new road is being built outside my house. (What)我的房子外面有一条新路在建设之中。

The newsagent delivers our papers every morning. (Who)每天上午送报人来送我们的报纸。

Our papers are delivered every morning. (What)我们的报纸每天上午送到。

The postman delivered a letter this morning. (Who)今天上午邮递员送来了一封信。

A letter was delivered this morning. (What)今天上午来了一封信。

c  Now read these sentences:

仔细阅读以下句子：

Instead of saying:
We can say:

除了这种表述方法外：
还可以说：

The police arrested the thief.
The thief was arrested (by the police).

He gave me a present.
I was given a present.

The headmaster has punished the boy.
The boy has been punished (by the headmaster).

Exercises 练习

A  Answer these questions on the passage. Write a complete answer to each question.

回答以下有关课文的问题，写出完整的句子。

1  What is our old musical instrument called?

2  Where was it made?

3  Where is it kept?

4  When was it bought?

5  When was it damaged?

6  How many strings were broken?

7  How did my father feel about this?

8  What aren't we allowed to do?

9  What is being done to the clavichord?

B  Change the form of the phrases in italics. Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise.

将斜体印出的短语改成被动语态，完成练习后再对照课文核对你的答案。

We have an old musical instrument. We call it a clavichord. Someone made it in Germany in 1681. We keep our clavichord in the living room. My grandfather bought the instrument many years ago. Recently a visitor damaged it. She struck the keys too hard and broke two of the strings. This shocked my father. Now he does not allow us to touch it. A friend of my father's is repairing it.

Special difficulties 难点

a  Made in, Made of, Made from, Made by与被动语态的made连用的几个介词

Made in (a country) 表示产地： It was made in Germany. (11. 1-2)

Made of (a material) 表示用某种材料制成： The tea pot is made of silver. 茶壶是银制的。

Made from (a number of materials) 表示用数种材料制成： Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由沙和石灰制成的。

Made by (someone) 表示制造人： This cake was made by my sister. 这块蛋糕是我姐姐做的。