Structure and Written Expression
Time: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

Structure

1 Amber comes____from the resins of pine trees that grew in Northern Europe millions of years ago. (A) chiefly (B) and chiefly (C) it is chiefly (D) since it is chiefly

2 An adult human must take eight steps to go ____as a giraffe does in one stride.
(A) as far (B) the farther (C) how far (D) farther

3 When the focus of a pair of binoculars is adjusted, ____into view.
(A) bringing distant objects (B) distant objects can be brought (C) and bring distant objects
(D) to bring distant objects

4 From the Iroquois tradition of behind-the-scenes political participation by women, Alice Jemison acquired a self-confidence that ____in her later crusades.
(A) her served well (B) served well her (C) served her well (D) her well served

5 Because of its importance in modern living, ____in all parts of the world.
(A) algebra is studied in schools and colleges (B) studying algebra in schools and colleges
(C) and the study of algebra in school and colleges (D) in schools and colleges are algebra studies

6 ____in the diet is especially important for vegetarians.
(A) Enough protein is obtained (B) Obtaining enough protein (C) They obtain enough protein
(D) By obtaining enough protein

7 The early work of Edith Wharton ____the relationship between the individual and the community.
(A) focuses attention on (B) focusing the attention on (C) the attention focused on
(D) is the attention and locus

8 Archaeologists know ____35,000 years ago, but it is still unclear for precisely what purpose.
(A) drawing being practiced (B) when the practice of drawing (C) that drawing was practiced
(D) practicing of drawing

9 Coral reefs owe their brilliant colors to algae ____in symbiosis with coral polyps.
(A) that live (B) do they live (C) why they live (D) live

10 The specialized nature of anthropological research makes ____that various to determine their
similarities and differences.
(A) imperative is (B) it imperative (C) it is imperative (D) it is an imperative

11 Watercolor provides a brilliant transparency and freshness, ____it allows extraordinarily free
brushwork.
(A) that (B) during (C) which (D) and

12 The common cold, normally ____illness, can seriously threaten the health of postoperative
patients.
(A) can be minor (B) as minor (C) minor an (D) a minor

13 Commercial expansion from city to suburb has affected the way people in the United States___.
(A) living and working (B) they live and work (C) live and work (D) to live and to work

14 Only recently ___possible to separate the components of fragrant substances and to determine
their chemical composition.
(A) it becomes (B) having become (C) has it become (D) which becomes

15 Charles Lindbergh told reporters ___never been deterred from attempting to cross the Atlantic
alone even though others had failed.
(A) that he had (B) that he had it (C) had it (D) his having