Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages ,Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
Section Ⅳ Writing
66. Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing.
2) interpret its meaning, and.
3) support your view with examples.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
2004年全国硕士学位研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案和评分标准
参考答案
sectionI Listening Comprehension (20 points)
Part A (5 points)
1. highlands;
2. 20;
3. mild;
4. November;
5. 22.
Part B (5 points)
6. A (technology)forecaster;
7. government agencies;
8. (a)meaningful(exercise);
9. open to change;
10.Trust and cooperation.
Part C (10 points)
11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C
sectionII Use of English(10 points)
21.C 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.B 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.B
31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.A 36.B 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.C
sectionIII Reading Comprehension(50 points)
Part A (40 points)
41.C 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.A 47.D 48.C 49.B 50.D
51.D 52.A 53.B 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.A 58.D 59.B 60.C
Part B (10 points)
61. 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
62. 我们之所有感激他们（两位先驱），是因为在此之后，这些（土著）语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
63. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。
64. Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。
65. Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
sectionIV Writing(20 points)
66. (略）
评分标准：
I 听力：
A节：5小题，每题1分，共5分。
B节：5小题，每题1分，共5分。
C节：10小题，每题1分，共10分。
A、B两节对大、小写（专有名词除外）和标点符号不做要求，英、美拼法均可接受，但拼写错误不给分。
II 英语知识运用：20小题，每题0.5分，共10分。
III 阅读理解：
A节：20小题，每题2分，共40分。 |
