As the concept of leadership is so obscure, leadership is a term that should be used with great care and only in circumstances where it is carefully defined. Our typology of types of style may be seen as a typology of leadership only if one limits the term leadership to the exercise of power, authority and influence.

    We distinguish an effective leader, who gets results, from a good leader, who achieves good things. But does a good leader always get plentiful, good results? Some principals appear to be effective in some circumstances but not in others. Do they then suddenly change from being effective and, perhaps, good leaders one year to being ineffective leaders the next? The answer is probably yes. Thus leadership can be seen to be as much an outcome of the internal and external working environment as it is a quality of the leader. Thus Winston Churchill was a good and effective war time leader but not a very effective leader in peace time. The reverse might be said of Franklin Roosevelt.  (412 words)

1. According to the first paragraph, whether a person is a good leader or not should be judged by __________.

  A. his/her effectiveness                          B. his democratic style in work
  C. his/her popularity                          D. the number of his/her followers and the correctness of direction

2. According to the author, if the term leadership is defined as the exercise of power, authority and influence, what is typical of a qualified leader?

  A. A good style in work                B. A talent for direction
  C. A large number of followers                    D. Getting brilliant results 

3. From the text we may learn that __________.

  A. a democratic style is the sole criterion to judge the quality of a school leader
  B. a qualified leader has not so much followers as an approved direction
  C. one’s personal and external conditions can finally decide the quality of leadership
  D. the personal character is the exclusive factor to become an efficient leader

4. The text seems to mainly discuss the leadership of __________.

  A. an educational board                        B. a headmaster or president
  C. government heads                          D. a teachers’ association

5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?