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There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
[结构分析] 根据句子结构和语意分析,这个句子可分成5段:主句(There is no…)+从句(whether…)+后置定语(peculiar to…)+选择性并列从句(or…)+后置定语(appropriate to…)。从语意上讲,主句讲的是结果,从句说的是细节。根据汉语的表达习惯,译文的表达顺序正好与原文相反。
[参考译文] 方法论是指一般的历史研究中特有的概念,还是指历史研究中各个具体领域适用的研究方法,人们对此意见不一。
For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
[结构分析] 这句话长达31个单词。从结构上讲,它是主句(they do not…)+并列谓语(and thus do not…)+宾语从句(how able an underprivileged youngster might…)+条件状语从句(had he…);从语义上讲,它有四层意思:“不能………因此………不能会有多大的才干………如果…。”。根据对这个句子的结构分析和语意分析,我们可以把它切分成四个小段:
For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,/ and thus do not tell / how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
由于每一小段包含一个意群,切分后我们就可以试译为:
例如,它们不能弥补巨大的社会不公,因此不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人会有多大才干,如果他在较好的环境中长大。
上海道正认为这样的译文可以说已经很清楚,汉语也基本过得去,但仔细检查一下,我们仍然发现汉语表达中还有英语的影子,那就是表示条件“如果…。”放在句子最后不大符合汉语的表达习惯,因此上海道正建议可以调整为
[参考译文] 例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公,因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长的话,会有多大的才干。
Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive entertaining.
[结构分析] 从句主语带有三个并列的谓语keeps…,allows…,and offers…
构成一个三项并列结构,第二个三项中又各有一小的二项并列结构。
[参考译文] 人们常说,电视使人们了解最近发生的大事,使人跟上最新科学和政治的发展,并向人们提供无终止的既有教育意义又有娱乐性的节目。
You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws,and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.
[结构分析] 如能看出此句所涉及的并列结构… that …,that… ,and that…,即可以说解决了此句的关键疑难点。因此,遇到长句如能查看一下是否有并列结构很重要。
[参考译文] 人们常说过,科学家使基于归纳法和演绎法工作,借助于这些方法,在某种意义上说,设法从自然界找出某些自然规律,然后根据这些规律,用他们自己特殊的技能逐步建立起自己的理论。
From agreement on this general goal,we have,unfortunately,in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals,and from there to total inaction. |