74)一般的说，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。　　

　　75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.　　

　　句子分析：　　

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.　　

　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell...　　2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：... youngster might have been how able　　3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up...　　

　　第三、词的处理：　　they 指示代词，测试　　compensate for 弥补　　gross social inequality 明显的社会不公　　and thus 因此　　tell 说明　　underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件差的　　under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下　　

　　完整的译文：　　

　　75)例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。

　　94年　　翻译题解：　　

　　71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.　　

　　句子分析：　　

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Science moves forward, they say, / not so much through the insights of great men of genius / as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.　　

　　第二、句子主干结构是：not so much through... as because of...与其……倒不如……　　因为not so much... as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同，所以多义介词through的意思应该等于because of因为，由于。　　

　　第三、词的处理：　　the insights of great men of genius是后面带定语的名词短语结构，后置定语的顺序应该在汉语翻译中应该倒过来，即从后往前翻译为：天才伟人的真知灼见。　more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词more ordinary things，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。　　they say插入语，按照汉语习惯，翻译时放在句首。

　　完整的译文：　　

　　71)他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

　　72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.　　

　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, / was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments / that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.

　　第二、句子主干结构是：　　1)系表结构：the scientific revolution... was largely...　　2) that引导的定语从句，先行词是the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments