句子分析：　　

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankind"s instinct for moral reasoning in action, / an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.　　

　　第二、句子主干结构是两个复合句：　　1)When...是前一个复合句的时间状语　　2)instinct后面的介词短语for moral reasoning in action是它的定语　　3)that...是定语从句，修饰先行词an instinct，从句中是被动语态结构，表示选择。　　

　　第三、词的处理：　　that(代词作主语)联系上下文译为这种反应　　mankind"s instinct for moral reasoning 人类道德观念推理的本能　　in action 起作用　　rather than 而不

　　完整的译文：　

　　75)这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。

　　96年　　翻译题解：　

　　71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.　　　　句子分析：　　

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science / being to some extent self-accelerating.　　

　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是对比句Some... are... reasonable results of... Others are reasonable consequences of...　　2) particular advances后面有多重定语in science being to some extent self-accelerating.　　

　　第三、词的处理：　　are... results of是……的结果，来自于　　social needs 社会需求　　to some extent 在一定程度上　　self-accelerating 自我加速　　

　　完整的译文：　　

　　71)在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。　　

　　72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.　　

　　句子分析：　　

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.　　

　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是主句+ when引导的时间状语，when = at that time当时，那时。　　2)第一个that从句是主句宾语the conclusion的同位语。　　3)that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定语从句中的主语从句　　4)cannot generally be foreseen in detail是宾语从句的谓语。

　　第三、词的处理：　　trend 趋势　　came to the conclusion 得出结论　　the specific demands 具体要求　　make of 向……提出　　scientific establishment 科研机构　　in detail 详尽　　

　　完整的译文：　　

　　72)这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

　　73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.