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例1 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(2003考研翻译真题)
拆分句子:
1)句子的主干是:Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry;
2)定语从句:which后面是一个定语从句,其先行词是social science;
3)方式状语:in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner是方式状语。其中的reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned是并列定语,修饰manner;
4)定语从句:that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句,其先行词是manner;
5)拆分后句子的总结构是:
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry(主干) which seeks to study humans and their endeavors(定语从句) in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner(方式状语) that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(定语从句)
例2 Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. (2002考研翻译真题)
这个句子看上去很短,好多考生以为句子短就很好翻译。其实不然,在考研翻译中,常常是句子越短可能越难翻译,因为短句要拆分其结构也并不是一件容易的事情。请看:
拆分句子:
1)句子的主干是:a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,这个比较简单;
2)时间状语从句:Until引起一个时间状语从句,这个也比较简单;
3)with it中的代词指代a technology of behavior,这个结构常常翻译成“随之”,这个还是比较简单;
4)副词possibly作状语,这个还是比较简单;可是——
5)the only way to solve our problems作什么成分?
提示:
在我们拆分句子结构碰到了困难,不知道某一个词或者词组作什么成分的时候怎么办呢?我们可以通过以下两个步骤来解决:
a)看这个词或者词组的词性:是形容词,是副词,是动词,是名词?
b)再根据基本的语法基础判断其句子成分来拆分:如果是形容词常常作定语或者表语,如果是副词常常作状语,如果是动词常常作谓语,如果是名词常常做主语、宾语或者表语。
根据以上提示,我们再分析上面的句子中可以知道:
6)the only way to solve our problems是名词短语;
7)在原来句子中这个名词短语不作宾语,因为原句中没有谓语动词能带这个宾语;
8)在原来句子中这个名词短语也不作表语,因为原句中没有系动词,原来句子中的be动词是被动结构中的助动词;
9)所以,the only way to solve our problems应该做主语;
10)而英语的句子不可能只有主语而没有谓语,说明原句主干逗号后面是一个省略句,省略了句子的谓语;
11)根据英语原则,我们给the only way to solve our problems这个主语补充一个谓语,应该是上文中的will continue to be rejected;
12)这样,拆分后句子的总结构是:
Until these issues are resolved,(时间状语从句) a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,(主干) and with it possibly(状语) the only way to solve our problems.(主语,是一个省略句,补充完整后=the only way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected) |