编者按：IETLS考试中关联词起着很重要的作用，无论是在雅思作文中还是口语测试中熟悉这些常用的关联词，对你的考试会有非常重要的作用。

常用的关联词分为十一大类：

一． Addition

in addition ，and，similarly，likewise，as well as，besides，furthermore，also，moreover，and then，too ，not only ... but，even，besides this/that

二． Sequence

first(ly) ，initially，second(ly) etc.，to begin with，then，next，earlier/later，after this/that

following this/that，afterwards

三． Consequence

as a result ，thus，so，therefore，consequently，it follows that，thereby，eventually，then，in that case，admittedly

四． Contrast

however ，on the other hand，despite，in spite of，though，although，but，on the contrary

otherwise，yet，instead of，rather，whereas，nonetheless，even though，

compared with，in contrast，alternatively

五． Certainty

obviously ，certainly，plainly，of course，undoubtedly

六． Condition

if ，unless，whether，provided that，for，so that，whether，depending on

七． Definition

is ，refers to，means，that is，consists of

八． Summary

in conclusion ，in summary，lastly，finally，to sum up，to conclude，to recapitulate

in short

九． Example

for instance ，one example，for example，just as，in particular，such as ，namely

to illustrate

十． Reason

since ，as，so，because(of)，due to，owing to，the reason why，in other words

leads to，cause

十一． Time

before ，since，as，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，

as soon as，just as