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译文1：In the last few decades, perhaps no topic was concerned more by management researchers than the topic of art of leadership.
译文2：Probably no other single topic has gained more attention from management researchers in the last few decades than leadership.
译文1中的"perhaps no topic"分量不够，语气平淡，没有充分译出原句"可能没有任何其他话题"所表现的气势；而译文2的"probably no other single topic"则加强了译文的语气和句势，尤其是probably和single两个词能准确反映原文的全貌，恰如其分地反衬了leadership(领导艺术)这一话题的受瞩目程度，从而突出了主题。可见，翻译不应拘泥于原文的一词一句，而是要忠实于原文的思想，在吃透原文思想的情况下撇开原文的结构，翻译出言下之意，这也是提高译文忠实程度、增强可读性，提高译文质量的重要一步。
4.死译或望文生义，导致译文不准确、不忠实、生硬、费解
有些考生认为一字不漏地翻译出原文的字面意思就是忠实于原文的最稳妥、最可靠的办法。但实际上，我们知道，中英两种语言是两种不同的语言文字，在词汇和语法上有较大的差异，而且在概念和思维上也都存在差异，即使一个意思，两种语言的表达方法也很不相同。如果死译、硬译，或生搬硬套，只能使译文含糊不清，让人费解。例如，有人把"the treatment of teachers is bad"当作是"教师待遇不好"的忠实译文，实际上是硬译、错译。因为英语中的treatment 一词并不等于汉语的"待遇"这个概念，两者语义范围也不一样，而且treatment作"待遇"讲时多有贬义，但原文根本没有贬低教师的意思，只是阐明"教师收入偏低"这一事实而已。可见，这句话如果改译为"teachers are poorly paid"则更简单，更恰当。同样，如果把"自改革开放以来"译成"since the reform and opening policy"，不仅文法不通，而且也不能达意。因此一味地找对应词，只顾表面的忠实，最终只会损害译文的内容，影响译文的表达效果。再看下面的
例子：
原文：最近河南安阳火柴厂向铁道部发出紧急报告：我厂是全国最大的火柴生产厂家，担负着河南全省民用火柴供应的任务。由于木材短缺，现已濒临停产。情况的确严重。该厂近几个月产量大幅度下降，以至造成火柴市场紧张，城市黑市价格高出正常售价四倍多，农村、山区百姓出现吃饭点灯难现象。
译文1：Recently the Anyang Match Factory of Henan Province sent an urgent report to the Ministry of Railroad: Our factory is the biggest matchproducing factory in the country, and is responsible for the task of supplying civil matches for the whole province. Because of shortage of timber, the factory is facing a closedown. The situation is indeed serious. Over the last few months, production dropped so sharply that it has caused market tense. In cities, the price of matches is four times its normal one, and in the countryside, there is even the phenomenon of people's having difficulties in eating and lighting.
译文2：The Anyang Match Factory, a major match producer for domestic use in Henan Province and the biggest one in the country, recently sent an SOS to the Ministry of Railways, saying that the factory was running short of timber. The message is not a false alarm. The drastic cutbacks in the output of the factory have caused an acute shortage of matches in the market over the last few months. In the cities, a box of matches is now selling at four times its normal price on the black market; in the countryside, people do not even have matches to light their cooking stoves. |
